A 20-year Prospective View of Accessibility and ICT
Over the past 40 years, the field of
ICT accessibility has seen significant progress. What started with "special devices for special people" evolved into public and company-specific accessibility guidelines, international standards, and accessibility laws both in Europe and the U.
S. Many large companies have dedicated teams to improve accessibility and have built significant accessibility features directly into their products. The growing emphasis on accessibility in the industry has given rise to consultants, accessibility evaluation and remediation companies, and training programs aimed at developing, training, and certifying accessibility specialists. Despite all of the progress in accessibility, however, there are still major shortcomings. Audits of the field reveal that a low percentage of websites and products are accessible. Moreover, while some products have built-in accessibility features, they are only accessible to some individuals with disabilities. For example, smartphone screen readers with their gesture controls are fantastic for some blind users but are too complicated or physically impossible for others who are blind. Additionally, many products do not effectively address the range of cognitive, language, and learning disabilities, even though this is cumulatively the largest disability group (Disability and Health Data System 2021).
While we've made great progress from essentially zero products accessible to anyone 40 years ago, today, there are still only a fraction of products that are accessible. Even the best among these are still inaccessible to a wide range of individuals.
In sum:
1. There are no products that are accessible across all of the different types, degrees, and combinations of disability.
2. There are a small number of products that are reasonably accessible across disabilities. But even those are only accessible to more typical or able individuals (e.g., those who are blind but are more digitally adroit versus the full range of people who are blind and who may have other disabilities).
While it is essential to continue moving forward with our traditional methods, there is also a need to consider augmenting them with new approaches that:
- can reach the large number of individuals who are currently left out and
- require less effort, so more companies are willing and able to make their products accessible.
Recent and emerging technological advances may give us the tools to do this. In this chapter, we will briefly discuss the evolution of
ICT accessibility before introducing an alternate approach to accessibility, its potential benefits, and what might be required to implement such an approach.